There are three types of memories used at arduino.
- Flash memory
- RAM (SRAM)
- EEPROM
In this article we will discuss all of them giving some basic code sources too.
Author: tasos
Binary Decimal and Hexadecimal numeral systems
The binary numeral system (base 2) number system, represents numeric values using two symbols, 0 and 1. {0,1}
The decimal numeral system (base 10) number system, represents numeric values using ten symbols {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
The hexadecimal numeral system (base 16) number system, represents numeric values using sixteen symbols {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F}
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From an arduino project to a standalone one
Let's start with a simple arduino project. A blinking led. 
The digital pins of an Arduino have a maximum load rating of 40mA, so we do not want to exceed that. The voltage of the digital output pins are 5V.
So arduino digital output pins have these limitations :
An Imax=40mA and Vout=5V. The led needs up to 20mA maximum. So we can easily power it directly from arduino board.
From the Ohm's Law we have V=Iled*R => R = V/Iled = 5V/0.02A = 250 Ω. For security reasons we use a bigger resistor (330Ω) so that the Iled<Imax.
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Arduino documentation resources
Good arduino projects require documentation.
Free documentation is even better !
How to assemble a low cost firewall with professional capabilities
Selecting a firewall is not a trivial decision. Generally all firewalls are software-based. The embedded firewalls are simply very limited-capability programs running on a low-power CPU in order to obtain lower power consumption. You have to list your needs and select the software and then the dedicated hardware that can handle them. As first step we need to list our needs for the firewall.
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